See ru on Wiktionary
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"eru",
"eru#Malay"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ru"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rú"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nonstandard spelling of rú"
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-t5i34jXc",
"links": [
[
"rú",
"rú#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rǔ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nonstandard spelling of rǔ"
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-xQOe14UQ",
"links": [
[
"rǔ",
"rǔ#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rù"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nonstandard spelling of rù"
],
"id": "en-ru-cmn-romanization-czFrOLkD",
"links": [
[
"rù",
"rù#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ruu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Kuki-Chin/ruu"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "steal"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"3": "*ruu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruu",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "II rûk",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "verb",
"3": "stem II",
"4": "rûk"
},
"expansion": "ru (stem II rûk)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rûk"
},
"expansion": "ru (stem II rûk)",
"name": "lus-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Mizo",
"lang_code": "lus",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hlêpru"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to steal"
],
"id": "en-ru-lus-verb-6exYWwd2",
"links": [
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "strong"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "lus-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Mizo",
"lang_code": "lus",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"having a strong effect"
],
"id": "en-ru-lus-adj-LEx9WZZn",
"links": [
[
"ingestible",
"ingestible"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of ingestible items) having a strong effect"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of ingestible items"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "fish poison"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mizo",
"lang_code": "lus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 72 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mizo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any plant used to make fish poison for hunting"
],
"id": "en-ru-lus-noun-1OYYT1-n",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"poison",
"poison"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nru",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Narua",
"lang_code": "nru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Narua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nru",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "nru:Animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"id": "en-ru-nru-noun-gR64G50R",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rutt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rue",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "ru",
"11": "or",
"12": "rue",
"13": "comparative",
"14": "ruare",
"15": "indefinite superlative",
"16": "ruast",
"17": "definite superlative",
"18": "ruaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "masculine and feminine",
"4": "ru",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "ru",
"7": "or",
"8": "rutt",
"9": "definite singular and plural"
},
"expansion": "ru (masculine and feminine ru, neuter ru or rutt, definite singular and plural ru or rue, comparative ruare, indefinite superlative ruast, definite superlative ruaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 4 3 3 3 4 10 1 42 4 27 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 1 1 1 2 10 1 47 2 2 3 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uneven on the surface"
],
"id": "en-ru-nn-adj-xC4td6Cl",
"links": [
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, hoarse"
],
"id": "en-ru-nn-adj-V4YZqmf0",
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"hoarse",
"hoarse"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gug",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Paraguayan Guarani",
"lang_code": "gug",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paraguayan Guarani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"father"
],
"id": "en-ru-gug-noun-iKGIHwAl",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rcf",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Réunion Creole French",
"lang_code": "rcf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "street",
"word": "ri"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "High Creole",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Réunion Creole French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of ri (“street”)"
],
"id": "en-ru-rcf-noun-eZUGghXc",
"links": [
[
"ri",
"ri#Réunion_Creole_French"
]
],
"qualifier": "High Creole",
"raw_glosses": [
"(High Creole) alternative form of ri (“street”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sux",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "sux-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Sumerian",
"lang_code": "sux",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "ru",
"word": "𒊒"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sumerian romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"romanization of 𒊒 (ru)"
],
"id": "en-ru-sux-romanization-yIpW60oZ",
"links": [
[
"𒊒",
"𒊒#Sumerian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"رود",
"رود#Persian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رود",
"tr": "rud"
},
"expansion": "Persian رود (rud)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Persian رود (rud).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Talysh",
"lang_code": "tly",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Talysh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"river"
],
"id": "en-ru-tly-noun-X1qO2PE5",
"links": [
[
"river",
"river"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ber-pro:-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tarifit\", \"term\" : \"ru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"rif\" }\" data-lang=\"rif\" data-title=\"ru\">\nInherited from Proto-Berber.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Berber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rif-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "yettrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "yettrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rif-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nrut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "intransitive"
},
"expansion": "(intransitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ru"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ru",
"4": "ttru",
"5": "ttru"
},
"name": "rif-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry"
],
"id": "en-ru-rif-verb-pVY01nWW",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾʊ]",
"note": "Nador"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊ"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"dɔ́ɔ́",
"dɔ́ɔ́"
],
[
"dò",
"dò"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ (\"fall, fall downwards\"), Owere dò (\"fall (as rain)\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yer",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarok",
"lang_code": "yer",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarok entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fall (downwards)"
],
"id": "en-ru-yer-verb-JgdyYDpy",
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Chut [Mày] kaɽu¹.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Sleep",
"orig": "vi:Sleep",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ru hời"
},
{
"word": "ru ngủ"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"translation": "to sing a lullaby",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho, “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,\nCất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"translation": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-verb-lj39eXl7",
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"rày",
"rày#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ri",
"ri#Vietnamese"
],
[
"rứa",
"rứa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"sao",
"sao#Vietnamese"
],
[
"răng",
"răng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"rằng",
"rằng#Vietnamese"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
33
]
],
"english": "Duke Xian of the state of Jin was prepared to kill his heir son, named Shen Sheng. Another son, named Chong'er, said: \"Why aren't you leaving?\"",
"ref": "1819, 禮記大全節要演義 [Lễ kỳ đại toàn tiết yếu diễn nghĩa, Explanation of the Complete Essentials on the Book of Rites], volume 1, page 60:",
"roman": "Lễ kỳ đại toàn tiết yếu diễn nghĩa",
"text": "翁獻公渃晋侯𣩂所世子𠸜羅申生。翁公子𠸜羅重耳保浪：「𤽗𫳵拯𠚢𪠞丕𠱋。」",
"translation": "Duke Xian of the state of Jin was prepared to kill his heir son, named Shen Sheng. Another son, named Chong'er, said: \"Why aren't you leaving?\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"id": "en-ru-vi-particle-nAUd8b47",
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nínấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"translation": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"translation": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"translation": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"translation": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"translation": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"translation": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"translation": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"translation": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"translation": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy. 6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!; Not this one, that one.; pretty much",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"translation": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!; Not this one, that one.; pretty much",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! () and their obligatory use when locating an object: Không phải cái này mà là cái kia. ()"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Makian",
"lang_code": "mqs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"neck"
],
"id": "en-ru-mqs-noun-8UiW2N6d",
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"roof",
"roof#English"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "en",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English roof (\"roof\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"id": "en-ru-mww-noun-0aDW9HB0",
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʈu˧/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"lang_code": "koi",
"roman": "ru",
"word": "ру"
},
{
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"lang_code": "kpv",
"roman": "ru",
"word": "ру"
}
],
"lang": "Komi",
"lang_code": "kv"
},
{
"lang": "Udmurt",
"lang_code": "udm",
"roman": "džu",
"word": "ӝу"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru-",
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-prm-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rutäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujastäk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"caritive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslän",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasliś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasiś",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasä",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasśań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rulań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslań",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäʒ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-prm-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "stem",
"4": "*ru-"
},
"expansion": "*ru (stem *ru-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "urj-prm-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"id": "en-ru-urj-prm-pro-noun-Px8pREwJ",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Permic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temper"
],
"id": "en-ru-urj-prm-pro-noun-ypjoIheu",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Naxi",
"lang_code": "nxq",
"word": "lvq"
},
{
"lang": "Narua",
"lang_code": "nru",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "mubburu"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"འབྲུག",
"འབྲུག#Tibetan"
],
[
"*m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "འབྲུག"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "*m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug), see also Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-nas-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Naish",
"lang_code": "sit-nas-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Naish/ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Naish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dragon"
],
"id": "en-ru-sit-nas-pro-noun-qcQ76UjF",
"links": [
[
"dragon",
"dragon"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ruw",
"ruw#Dutch"
],
[
"ruuch",
"ruuch#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"ru",
"ru#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"*rūh",
"Reconstruction:Old Dutch/ruh"
],
[
"*rūhwaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūhwaz"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "ruw"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ruw",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ruuch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ruuch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rūh"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rūh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūhwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch ruw, from Middle Dutch ruuch, ru, from Old Dutch *rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhwaz. See the Dutch entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruwe",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "ruwer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruuste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (attributive ruwe, comparative ruwer, superlative ruuste)",
"name": "af-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans adjectives",
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rof"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-ru.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "adjectives"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Breton adjectives",
"Breton entries with incorrect language header",
"Breton lemmas",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"red"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chk",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chuukese",
"lang_code": "chk",
"pos": "num",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"ordinal"
],
"word": "oruwen"
},
{
"word": "ruche"
},
{
"word": "rufoch"
},
{
"word": "rufou"
},
{
"word": "ruömön"
},
{
"word": "turu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chuukese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chuukese lemmas",
"Chuukese numerals",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"chk:Two"
],
"glosses": [
"two"
],
"links": [
[
"two",
"two#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruhed"
},
{
"word": "ruhåret"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"ru(w)",
"ru#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"ruch",
"ruch#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"ruge",
"ruge#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"rya",
"rya#Danish"
],
[
"rokke",
"rokke#Danish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "ru",
"4": "ru(w)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German ru(w)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German ru(w), ruch, ruge. Related to rya, and maybe rokke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "ru",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "ru",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ru (neuter ru, plural and definite singular attributive ru)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "ru (neuter ru, plural and definite singular attributive ru)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "blød"
},
{
"word": "rå"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "glat"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rough, coarse"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raspy, hoarse"
],
"links": [
[
"raspy",
"raspy"
],
[
"hoarse",
"hoarse"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rusten"
}
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "contr"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "en-head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "contraction",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "RU"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-letter words",
"English contractions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "Are you OK?",
"text": "ru ok?",
"translation": "Are you OK?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative letter-case form of RU."
],
"links": [
[
"RU",
"RU#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"contraction"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ru",
"ru#Old_French"
],
[
"riu",
"riu#Old_French"
],
[
"rīvus",
"rivus#Latin"
],
[
"*h₃reyh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-"
],
[
"*-wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French ru",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French ru",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*rius"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *rius",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "rīvus",
"4": "",
"5": "brook, small stream"
},
"expansion": "Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃er-",
"3": "*-wós",
"alt1": "*h₃reyh₂-",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to flow; to move, set in motion"
},
"expansion": "*h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₃rih₂wós",
"pos": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₃reyh₂-</i> (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French ru, riu, from Vulgar Latin *rius, from Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rih₂wós (from *h₃reyh₂- (“to flow; to move, set in motion”) + *-wós).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ru m (plural rus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ruisseau"
},
{
"word": "fleuve"
},
{
"word": "rivière"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with archaic senses",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"small stream"
],
"links": [
[
"stream",
"stream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) small stream"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-ru.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-ru.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-ru.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-ru.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-ru.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable る (ru) or the katakana syllable ル (ru) in Hepburn romanization."
],
"links": [
[
"る",
"る#Japanese"
],
[
"ル",
"ル#Japanese"
],
[
"Hepburn",
"Hepburn"
]
],
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ber-pro:-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Kabyle\", \"term\" : \"ru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"kab\" }\" data-lang=\"kab\" data-title=\"ru\">\nInherited from Proto-Berber.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Berber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turin",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
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{
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{
"categories": [
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"Kabyle terms inherited from Proto-Berber",
"Kabyle terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kabyle verbs",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, to weep, to shed tears"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
],
[
"shed tears",
"shed tears"
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{
"ipa": "/ru/"
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],
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{
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"form": "ru-ru",
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[
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"word": "rù"
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[
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"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hlêpru"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ruu.",
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{
"form": "II rûk",
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"stem"
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}
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{
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{
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{
"glosses": [
"to steal"
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"links": [
[
"steal",
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]
}
],
"word": "ru"
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{
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"having a strong effect"
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"links": [
[
"ingestible",
"ingestible"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of ingestible items) having a strong effect"
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"raw_tags": [
"of ingestible items"
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}
],
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}
{
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
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"expansion": "",
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],
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"args": {
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],
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"lang_code": "lus",
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"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"any plant used to make fish poison for hunting"
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
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],
[
"fish",
"fish"
],
[
"poison",
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}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
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"glosses": [
"chicken"
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"links": [
[
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}
],
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{
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"expansion": "Middle Low German",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German.",
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{
"form": "ru",
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"feminine",
"masculine"
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},
{
"form": "ru",
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"neuter"
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},
{
"form": "rutt",
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},
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},
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"form": "rue",
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},
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"form": "ruare",
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},
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},
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "nn",
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{
"glosses": [
"uneven on the surface"
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"links": [
[
"uneven",
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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[
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[
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],
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{
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{
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"word": "mubburu"
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],
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{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Tibetan འབྲུག ('brug), see also Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-bruŋ ~ m-bruk.",
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{
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{
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"stem"
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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},
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"form": "urj-prm-decl",
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{
"form": "ru",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "rujas",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "ru",
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "ruäs",
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"definite",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "rujasäs",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "ruän",
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{
"form": "rujasän",
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"form": "rutäk",
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{
"form": "rujastäk",
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},
{
"form": "rula",
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"singular"
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{
"form": "rujasla",
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"plural"
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{
"form": "rulän",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujaslän",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruliś",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasliś",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruli",
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},
{
"form": "rujasli",
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{
"form": "ruin",
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},
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{
"form": "ruiś",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasiś",
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"plural"
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},
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"form": "ruä",
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"singular"
]
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{
"form": "rujasä",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "ruśań",
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]
},
{
"form": "rujasśań",
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"plural"
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},
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"form": "rulań",
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},
{
"form": "rujaslań",
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"approximative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruäʒ́",
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"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "rujasäʒ́",
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"terminative"
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},
{
"form": "ruti",
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"translative"
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},
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"form": "rujasti",
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"translative"
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}
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"steam"
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{
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"extra": "street",
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"alternative"
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],
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"extra": "ru",
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{
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"رود#Persian"
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"2": "noun"
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ber-pro:-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tarifit\", \"term\" : \"ru\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"rif\" }\" data-lang=\"rif\" data-title=\"ru\">\nInherited from Proto-Berber.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Berber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rif-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "irun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "yettrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "yettrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "rif-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"perfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"perfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "iru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "run",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"imperfective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperfective",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrun",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttruɣ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nettru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tettrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ttru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ttrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nrut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nrunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru (Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ)",
"name": "rif-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "intransitive"
},
"expansion": "(intransitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ru"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ru",
"4": "ttru",
"5": "ttru"
},
"name": "rif-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Tarifit/ʊ",
"Rhymes:Tarifit/ʊ/1 syllable",
"Tarifit 1-syllable words",
"Tarifit entries with etymology texts",
"Tarifit entries with etymon",
"Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarifit intransitive verbs",
"Tarifit lemmas",
"Tarifit terms derived from Proto-Berber",
"Tarifit terms inherited from Proto-Berber",
"Tarifit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tarifit verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to cry"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾʊ]",
"note": "Nador"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊ"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"dɔ́ɔ́",
"dɔ́ɔ́"
],
[
"dò",
"dò"
]
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate to Mapeo dɔ́ɔ́ (\"fall, fall downwards\"), Owere dò (\"fall (as rain)\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yer",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarok",
"lang_code": "yer",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tarok entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarok lemmas",
"Tarok verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to fall (downwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"Russian",
"Russian#English"
],
[
"ру́сский",
"русский#Russian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "en:Russian,ru:ру́сский",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "abbreviation of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely an abbreviation of English Russian or Russian ру́сский (rússkij).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Latn",
"name": "mul-symbol/script"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"image": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Russian terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-1",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual abbreviations",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms derived from English",
"Translingual terms derived from Russian",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Russian."
]
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ru hời"
},
{
"word": "ru ngủ"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Chut [Mày] kaɽu¹.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "油",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "油"
},
"expansion": "ru • (油)",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for date",
"Requests for date in Vietnamese entries",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to sing a lullaby",
"text": "hát ru",
"translation": "to sing a lullaby",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"ref": "(Can we date this quote?), Văn Thành Nho, “Đất nước lời ru [Our Land, a Lullaby]”:",
"text": "Ru con, mẹ ru con,\nTiếng ru cả cuộc đời.\nRu con lời ru,\nCất lên từ ngàn đời.",
"translation": "Lull you, I lull you,\nWith the song of a lifetime.\nLull you, with a lullaby,\nResonating with eternity.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sing (a baby) to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sing",
"sing"
],
[
"baby",
"baby"
],
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese particles",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"vi:Sleep"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"rày",
"rày#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ri",
"ri#Vietnamese"
],
[
"rứa",
"rứa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"sao",
"sao#Vietnamese"
],
[
"răng",
"răng#Vietnamese"
],
[
"rằng",
"rằng#Vietnamese"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Part of the r-series of demonstratives, along with rày, ri, rứa, sao, and potentially also răng, rằng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𠱋",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "particle",
"head": "",
"tr": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𠱋"
},
"expansion": "ru • (𠱋)",
"name": "vi-particle"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "ninìnày"
},
{
"word": "nầynây"
},
{
"word": "nínấy"
},
{
"word": "nớ"
},
{
"word": "nọ(nó)"
},
{
"word": "nào"
},
{
"word": "đây"
},
{
"word": "đấy(ấy)"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "đó"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "rirày"
},
{
"word": "rứa"
},
{
"word": "rusao3"
},
{
"word": "bây"
},
{
"word": "bấy"
},
{
"word": "bao"
},
{
"word": "vầy"
},
{
"word": "vậy"
},
{
"word": "kia(cơ)"
},
{
"word": "kìa(cờ)"
},
{
"word": "tê"
},
{
"word": "tề"
},
{
"english": "being used attributively",
"translation": "being used attributively",
"word": "1 Originally can only follow a nominal"
},
{
"english": "this place; here",
"translation": "this place; here",
"word": "hence nơi này"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"translation": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "nơi nào. 2 Can be used on its own"
},
{
"english": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"translation": "where; no longer completely true in the modern language",
"word": "is itself nominal"
},
{
"english": "here",
"translation": "here",
"word": "hence đây"
},
{
"english": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"translation": "where; this much; where *C is nonspecific consonant",
"word": "đâu. 3 From earlier *C-raːw. 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu ()"
},
{
"english": "that much",
"translation": "that much",
"word": "bấy nhiêu"
},
{
"english": "how much; this fast",
"translation": "how much; this fast",
"word": "bao nhiêu. 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy ()"
},
{
"english": "that fast/so fast",
"translation": "that fast/so fast",
"word": "nhanh vậy. 6 Originally"
},
{
"word": "these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and"
},
{
"word": "or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles"
},
{
"word": "often in reduced forms cơ"
},
{
"word": "cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội"
},
{
"english": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!; Not this one, that one.; pretty much",
"taxonomic": "Ba ngày luân lạc",
"translation": "From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!; Not this one, that one.; pretty much",
"word": "còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! () and their obligatory use when locating an object: Không phải cái này mà là cái kia. ()"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese dated terms",
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
32,
33
]
],
"english": "Duke Xian of the state of Jin was prepared to kill his heir son, named Shen Sheng. Another son, named Chong'er, said: \"Why aren't you leaving?\"",
"ref": "1819, 禮記大全節要演義 [Lễ kỳ đại toàn tiết yếu diễn nghĩa, Explanation of the Complete Essentials on the Book of Rites], volume 1, page 60:",
"roman": "Lễ kỳ đại toàn tiết yếu diễn nghĩa",
"text": "翁獻公渃晋侯𣩂所世子𠸜羅申生。翁公子𠸜羅重耳保浪：「𤽗𫳵拯𠚢𪠞丕𠱋。」",
"translation": "Duke Xian of the state of Jin was prepared to kill his heir son, named Shen Sheng. Another son, named Chong'er, said: \"Why aren't you leaving?\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"links": [
[
"final",
"final#English"
],
[
"particle",
"particle#English"
],
[
"negation",
"negation#English"
],
[
"rhetorical",
"rhetorical#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, dated) final particle used for negation or to form rhetorical questions"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sao"
},
{
"word": "đâu"
},
{
"word": "ư"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zu˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʐʊw˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹʊw˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "du"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "West Makian",
"lang_code": "mqs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"West Makian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Makian lemmas",
"West Makian nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"neck"
],
"links": [
[
"neck",
"neck"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ru/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"roof",
"roof#English"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "en",
"3": "roof"
},
"expansion": "English roof",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English roof (\"roof\").",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ru",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong nouns",
"White Hmong terms borrowed from English",
"White Hmong terms derived from English",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"roof"
],
"links": [
[
"roof",
"roof"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʈu˧/"
}
],
"word": "ru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ru meaning in All languages combined (44.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Tifinagh spelling ⵔⵓ",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative perfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative imperfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative perfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative perfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative imperfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'negative imperfective'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'aorist imperative'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'aorist imperative'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfective imperative'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfective imperative'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'injunctive'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'injunctive'",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/674",
"msg": "parenthesized number but there is no sense with such index: 1943",
"path": [
"ru"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ru",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.